is one of the most serious environmental concerns today. It happens when harmful substances enter our air, water, and land, making the environment dirty and unsafe. Most pollution is caused by human activities such as throwing waste, burning fuels, and using plastics. It affects not only the air we breathe, but also the water we drink, the soil where we grow food, and the homes of animals and plants. 

Deforestation means cutting down a large number of trees and clearing forests. It destroys the homes of animals, reduces the oxygen in the air, and increases carbon dioxide, which makes the Earth hotter. Without forests, the soil becomes weaker, water flow is disturbed, and the Earth becomes more open to climate problems. 

Climate change is the long-term change in the Earth’s weather caused mostly by human actions, such as burning fuels, cutting down trees, and pollution. It makes global temperatures rise, ice caps melt, and causes stronger storms, floods, and droughts. Climate change is a big threat to both humans and nature because it affects food, water, health, and safety around the world.

Biodiversity loss means the decline or disappearance of different kinds of plants and animals. This happens because of deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overhunting. When biodiversity decreases, nature becomes unbalanced, making it harder to get clean air, fresh water, and healthy soil. Protecting biodiversity is very important for the survival of all living things. 

Improper waste management happens when garbage is not handled correctly, such as when trash is burned, dumped anywhere, or not recycled. This causes land, air, and water pollution, spreads sickness, and can lead to flooding when waste blocks waterways. Managing waste properly by recycling, reducing plastics, and throwing garbage in the right place is necessary to keep people and the environment safe.